New Year’s Eve celebrations around the world were filled with festivities, but the fireworks—a global symbol of these celebrations—often leave behind a cloud of pollution. The report which analyzed PM2.5 pollution levels during New Year’s Eve across major cities in India, Europe, and the Americas, uncovering surprising trends in air quality.
The report’s findings are based on a comparative analysis of PM2.5 pollution levels collected from air quality monitoring stations across major Indian cities, European capitals, and cities with large Indian diasporas.
Despite a stringent firecracker ban in Delhi, imposed by the Supreme Court and reinforced by the Delhi government, the city continues to top the charts as the most polluted city in India. PM2.5 levels in Delhi reached an alarming average of 222.65 μg/m³ during the New Year hours (12 AM to 3 AM), surpassing most cities analyzed globally. This was nearly four times higher than Bengaluru (56.05 μg/m³) and three times higher than Kolkata (63.48 μg/m³) and Mumbai’s levels (69.20 μg/m³), indicating that Delhi’s pollution crisis is far from over.
Bengaluru’s Unexpected Surge in Pollution
Surprisingly, Bengaluru experienced the most significant pollution spike among Indian cities during New Year celebrations, with PM2.5 levels jumping by 63% compared to December night averages. The spike, attributed to increased firecracker use, marks a concerning trend for a city otherwise known for its moderate air quality.
Global Context: Fireworks and Pollution
Globally, cities like Berlin and Rome saw drastic short-term pollution increases due to New Year fireworks, with PM2.5 levels rising by 480% and 221%, respectively. However, Mumbai’s air remained stable with negligible changes in PM2.5 levels, while Kolkata surprisingly saw a decrease during New Year’s celebrations, reflecting regional differences in how festivities impact the environment.
Commenting on the findings, Col. Ashwini K Channan, CEO, Airvoice India said
"The firecracker ban in Delhi is a testament to the government’s commitment to improving air quality. However, this report reveals that long-term, structural issues like vehicular emissions, industrial pollution, and crop stubble burning continue to plague the city. On the other hand, Bengaluru’s sudden pollution surge serves as a wake-up call for policymakers and citizens alike. We need sustainable solutions and behavioral changes to ensure celebrations don’t come at the cost of public health."
Key Insights from the Data Points
- Delhi’s Firecracker Ban Shows Results: The Supreme Court’s firecracker ban appears to have had a tangible impact—PM2.5 levels on New Year’s Eve (222.65 μg/m³) were almost identical to any other night in December (203.41 μg/m³), with no statistically significant difference (p-value: 0.34). This suggests that while Delhi remains the most polluted city, the lack of a New Year’s spike indicates the effectiveness of regulatory measures.
- Bengaluru’s Unexpected Pollution Surge: The Silicon Valley of India saw a sharp 63% rise in PM2.5 levels, from 34.33 μg/m³ (December average) to 56.05 μg/m³ on New Year’s Eve. With a p-value of 6.55e-10, this increase was statistically significant, highlighting the direct impact of celebratory fireworks.
- Global Contrasts: Berlin, despite being known for its strict environmental policies, saw the most dramatic pollution spike during celebrations, with a p-value of 1.86e-29—making it the city with the highest statistical difference between regular December nights and New Year’s Eve pollution levels.
The report underscores the importance of collaborative action involving stricter policies, public awareness, and real-time monitoring to reduce pollution levels during public celebrations.
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About Airvoice
Airvoice develops and manufactures innovative software and hardware solutions for air quality monitoring and management. Founded in 2021, the company has rapidly evolved to address global air quality challenges. Its commitment to advancing science-backed technologies is demonstrated through strategic partnerships with major universities and research institutions worldwide. These collaborations, including partnerships with the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, the University of Arizona, Nanyang Technological University in Singapore, and many others, enhance Airvoice’s robust research in atmospheric physics and AI technology, establishing it at the forefront of the emerging clean air industry.
Airvoice.India, launched in 2022 as a collaborative venture between Airvoice Global and Col. Bhawani Singh, is dedicated to revolutionizing air quality management across India. With its advanced technologies and extensive experience, the company is adept at providing solutions that cater to the unique air quality needs of various sectors, including urban environments, industries, and residential areas. Some of our clients and partners include JSPL, CII, NCAER, and many more.
Focusing on sustainability and innovation, Airvoice. India has quickly become a leader in air quality solutions, contributing to national smart city initiatives and events like the G20 Sustainability Summit in Delhi. The company’s strategic initiatives aim to position India as a central hub for developing and deploying air quality improvements throughout Southeast Asia.
Airvoice.India, launched in 2022 as a collaborative venture between Airvoice Global and Col. Bhawani Singh, is dedicated to revolutionizing air quality management across India. With its advanced technologies and extensive experience, the company is adept at providing solutions that cater to the unique air quality needs of various sectors, including urban environments, industries, and residential areas. Some of our clients and partners include JSPL, CII, NCAER, and many more.
Focusing on sustainability and innovation, Airvoice. India has quickly become a leader in air quality solutions, contributing to national smart city initiatives and events like the G20 Sustainability Summit in Delhi. The company’s strategic initiatives aim to position India as a central hub for developing and deploying air quality improvements throughout Southeast Asia.
